A distinct property that it has is that it can focus all the parallel rays from the. The overwhelming majority of solar cells are fabricated from silicon with increasing efficiency and lowering cost as the materials range from amorphous noncrystalline to polycrystalline to. In solar power plant applications that require solar electricity, the solar concentrator focus the light to the cpv dense array module. Sharp corporation has achieved the worlds highest solar cell conversion efficiency of 44. Nov 15, 2018 the idea of cpv is to use optical light concentrators to increase the incident power on solar cells.
Deep space 1 was a spacecraft designed to test a dozen different space technologies, including a solar array that focused sunlight on a smaller solar cell to generate electric power. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective solar concentrator john h. The concept of a tandem hybrid concentrator solar module was demonstrated from a dyesensitized tio2 solar cell dsscs and a silicon p. Highefficiency multijunction mj solar cells, being very expensive to manufacture, should only be used in combination with solar concentrators in terrestrial applications. Solar cell design principles solar cell design involves specifying the parameters of a solar cell structure in order to maximize efficiency, given a certain set of constraints.
Pdf crystalline silicon solar cell design optimized for. The use of solar energy requires optimizing each part of a photovoltaic system. One measure of the effectiveness of this approach is the concentration ratio how much concentration the cell is receiving. The goal of this project is to design, build, model, and test a concentrating solar collector. Keywords renewable energy, solar reflectors, solar generation i. Osa high performance fresnelbased photovoltaic concentrator. Deep space 1 was the first spacecraft powered by a refractive concentrator design like scarlet, and also utilized multijunction solar cells, or cells made of. A vast amount of research is currently focused on perfecting each of these areas.
The materials are easily obtainable and the design is simple and straight forward the concentrators can be made with readily available materials and simple tools. In addition, cpv systems often use solar trackers and sometimes a cooling system to further. Metamorphic, latticematched, and mechanically stacked solar cells 3. Utilization of direct and diffuse sunlight in a dye. May 11, 2017 evaluation of ingapingaasge triplejunction solar cell and optimization of solar cells structure focusing on series resistance for highefficiency concentrator photovoltaic systems.
This configuration does not require optical lenses. Performance of concentrator solar cells with photovoltaic. In contrast, without incorporating any lenses, sipv also generates power from light. It also has the encapsulation problems discussed in section 5. This means that the nal cost of concentrator systems will be dominated by the optics and tracker costs.
To prevent reflection losses, the mirrors are used. Multijunction photovoltaic technologies for high performance. Concentrator solar cell with worlds highest conversion. Current megawattclass solar power stations use sipv modules, the conversion efficiency of which is mostly 15% to 17%. Unlike conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses or curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, highly efficient, multijunction mj solar cells. Pdf this paper gives an insight into the design of concentrating solar power csp systems. The cost of a pointfocus solar concentration system per square metre of collection area is larger than the cost of a linefocus system, which in turn is larger than the arearelated balanceofsystems. However, even today, the price of generating solar. More bang for your buck solar concentrators do what you might expect, concentrate solar. The optics of a fresnel lens concentrator system are very different from laboratory testsnonuniformity, chromatic aberration, lens absorption. Ideally, a solar concentrating system should have the following favorable properties as design criteria. Solar fire provides detailed plans and howto instructions for building three different sizes of concentrating solar collectors. Another benefit of concentrator solar cell assemblies is that the solar cell device area can be much smaller for a given energy output, which saves on material and fabrication costs to some extent.
A cpv dense array module consists of many multijunction solar cell assemblies triple junction solar cell packaged onto one 10. There is disclosed a concentrator solar cell, having one or more radially elongate bus bars extending into a central region of the cell for collecting current from gridlines. Pdf design and machining of fresnel solar concentrator. Energy yield determination of concentrator solar cells using. A solar cell is secured to the top side of the substrate and has an anode and a cathode. Optical design of a solar parabolic concentrating collector. Solar cell integration significantly different to silicon ctes, handling sensitivities, etc. Optical design of a solar parabolic concentrating collector based on trapezoidal reflective petals 716 fig. A luminescent solar concentrator lsc usually consist of a transparent, thin plate made of. The idea of cpv is to use optical light concentrators to increase the incident power on solar cells. Spain is the leader in concentrated solar power technology, with more than 50 governmentapproved projects in the works. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators. An anode pad is formed on the top side of the substrate and is coupled to the anode of the solar cell.
Concentrated solar power csp, also known as concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a receiver. Evaluation of ingapingaasge triplejunction solar cell and optimization of solar cells structure focusing on series resistance for high. The concentrator then directs the sun rays into the middle of the reflector mirror where the solar cell is located. Design and analysis of a highefficiency, costeffective. A heat transfer element is secured to the bottom side of the substrate. Design, construction, and test of a miniature parabolic.
The authors report on significant results related to design, technology, and applications, and also cover. Concentrator pv modules and solar cells for tpv systems. Optical design and characterization of solar concentrators for photovoltaics 4 ruption of the translational symmetry when the microstructured reflectors were introduced. Each of these solar cells in the stack are tuned to a specific wavelength of light to maximize the conversion efficiency of incoming light into electricity. Electricity is generated when the concentrated light is converted to heat solar thermal energy, which drives a heat engine usually a steam turbine connected to an. Triplejunction terrestrial concentrator solar cells. The design with highest cap in this reference has a rotationallysymmetric cpctype tirbased secondary. The authors report on significant results related to design, technology, and applications, and also cover the fundamental physics and market considerations. Solar concentrators rensselaer polytechnic institute.
The triple junction solar cell converts the concentrated solar. These projects have been done by research centers, universities and companies to design and to analyze the reliability and the performance of solar concentrator. Solar cells compatible with optional prismatic covers and secondary optical elements note. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv uses optics to focus the suns power on small highefficiency, multijunction solar cells. Jul 24, 2015 the concentrator then directs the sun rays into the middle of the reflector mirror where the solar cell is located. The increase in investment would be from 2 billion worldwide to 92. In the allglass module design, the secondary smallaperture smooth surface lenses arranged in an intermediate composite glasssilicone panel be inserted between a panel of the primary composite fresnel lens concentrators and a panel of the solar cells. These constraints will be defined by the working environment in which solar cells are produced.
Multijunction solar cells were originally designed, and are still used today, for space applications. Design and performance of nanostructurebased luminescent. Solar concentrating systems are optical systems that concentrate solar energy for conversion into usable energy. Multijunction solar cells use multiple solar cells each stacked on top of one another. The solar cell area is comparatively tiny, thus saving expensive semiconductor materials and allowing the use of more sophisticated and more costly multijunction solar cells. The first design used a fresnel lens primary combined with totally. Mit solar concentrator improves solar cell efficiency and. Introduction xtracting useable electricity from the sun was made. Concentrator photovoltaics generate electric power using lenses that focus only direct sunlight onto solar cells. Design and machining of fresnel solar concentrator surfaces article pdf available in international journal of precision technology 34. Ghosh a aschool of natural sciences, university of california, merced, 5200 north lake rd. Concentrator photovoltaics cpv also known as concentration photovoltaics is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight.
The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the worlds energy needs by 2050. Concentrator reflectors are straight mirrors with siliconecovered metal that are angled to capture sunlight rays. Such a design allows fabricating the modules of large total area up to 0. It is widely used as a reflecting solar concentrator. Pv cell without the concentrator, a lsc the area of the top of the lsc and a pv the. Energy yield determination of concentrator solar cells. Each bus bar terminates in a separate bond pad region at a periphery of the device. The basic design of several types of csp system is. Mechanical design of a low cost parabolic solar dish. A concentrator uses relatively inexpensive materials plastic lenses, metal housings, etc. Cell design is related to the design of other parts of the optical concentrator where the latter places particular constraints on the former. Jul 10, 2008 mit solar concentrator improves solar cell efficiency and design options mit solar concentrator innovation. Two different optical filters were used to selectively reflect and concentrate nearinfrared light from the dssc.
A design is presented for a gravitydependent copper heat pipe using water or acetone as the working. The ambient conditions, temperature, spectrum, and irradiance at a location. Building integrated compound parabolic photovoltaic concentrator. Osa solar concentrator modules with siliconeonglass. Luminescent solar concentrator photovoltaic designs. A distinct property that it has is that it can focus all the parallel rays from the sun to a single focus point, f as shown in figure 2. This work is referred on the development of simple, costeffective silicon solar cells designed for the proteas pv system.
Among the solar concentrators, parabolic dishes have the highest efficiency in the conversion of solar energy to electricity with an efficiency of 29. Challenges in the design of concentrator photovoltaic cpv. An essential cost reduction of electric power produced by photovoltaic pv installations with mj cells, may be expected by the creation of highlyeffective, but inexpensive, elements for optical concentration. Iiiv, concentrator, cpv, 5junction, highefficiency, energy production 1 introduction iiiv multijunction concentrator photovoltaic cpv cells are the highest efficiency solar cell technology yet demonstrated, and have experienced the most rapid rise in absolute efficiency over recent years. Heating of the solar cell by illumination and temperaturedependent properties is taken into account. Us92319b2 structure and design of concentrator solar cell. The materials are easily obtainable and the design is simple and straight forward the concentrators can be made with readily available materials and. Triplejunction terrestrial concentrator solar cells features y high efficiency gainp 2 gaasge triple junction monolythic, twoterminal design y greater than 30% am1. The lowprofile design promises to reduce the cost of manufacturing and transportation. The solar intensifier unit is designed to increase efficiency and performance of a set of solar panels. Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. Advantages of concentrator photovoltaic system in high solar. So, it is possible to design a truncated cpc concentrator far shorter than the ideal one for a given. Mechanical design of a low cost parabolic solar dish concentrator.
Thus, to predict the energy yield of a specific solar cell in a specific cpv system at a specific location can be a rather daunting, but important task. Design the initial plan for a solar concentrator was to use a semispherical surface covered with many small sections of mirror to form a segmented, spherical concentrator. The conversion of a wider solar spectrum into electricity is key to gaining higher solar. Mit solar concentrator improves solar cell efficiency and design options mit solar concentrator innovation. Pdf photovoltaic hysteresis and its ramifications for. The actual operating conditions of a concentrator solar cell continually vary throughout the day and year. Modelling of compound parabolic concentrators for photovoltaic applications efficiency are not strictly required. The necessity for the optical systems, in fact, is to operate at an incident angle range for the impinging radiation at which its efficiency is the highest. Photovoltaic hysteresis and its ramifications for concentrator solar cell design and diagnostics article pdf available in applied physics letters 867. Two stage concentrators for both solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation have been tested. It was concluded that structured reflectors are used at their largest benefit if they are applied in new concentrators designed for structures.
Building integrated compound parabolic photovoltaic. Us20110079270a1 us12912,442 us91244210a us2011079270a1 us 20110079270 a1 us20110079270 a1 us 20110079270a1 us 91244210 a us91244210 a us 91244210a us 2011079270 a1 us2011079270 a1 us 2011079270a1 authority us united states prior art keywords cell front plane busbar busbars photovoltaic cell prior art date 20080428 legal. Moreover, it produces a poor irradiance uniformity. Advantages of concentrator photovoltaic system in high. Analytical modeling and longterm experimental evaluation of different receiver designs significant results.