There are 127 languages listed for tanzania of which two are considered extinct lewis, et al, 20. Multilingualism, language policy and creative writing in. I go on to explore the failings of educational language policy as it now stands, focusing on the jarring transition from swahilimedium primary school to englishmedium secondary school. Pdf language policy and planning the tanzania experience. Yet, millions of tanzanian children and adolescents do not gain a secondary education or vocational training. In this project the language policies of tanzania and south africa, as well as the practices of these policies in the classroom are analyzed. Kenya is a multilingual country with over forty different indigenous languages.
The right to receive a basic education in the language of ones choice is an important tool in making a break from apartheid, in which language in education was used to perpetuate oppression and inequality. Prior to 1899, the first european missionaries used local languages to preach. In this project the language policies of tanzania and south africa, as well as the. Policies in united republic of tanzania global database on. This chapter examines education language policy debates in three east african countries. Education for selfreliance esr policy, which was engineered as a strategy for increasing the relevance of education to tanzanians. According to the east african common market protocol of 2010, the free trade and free movement of people is guaranteed, including the right to reside in another member country for purposes of employment. Since the 1990s tanzania has experienced a shift toward a general education curriculum, although a workoriented education approach continues to inform the current etp policy and its related policy documents. Rubagumya on the history of english language teaching in tanzania three theses, a.
Three years after independence, uganda acquired a language policy in education when, in 1965, it adopted the castle report of 1963 which made a number of recommendations. While the language policies of tanzania are described as confusing, contradictory, and ambiguous, the language policies of south africa seem clearer and more progressive. Discusses the background of this policy and suggests an alternative, bilingual policy that gives equal weight to kiswahili and english. Lwaitama et al reflections on recent developments in language policy in tanzania, j. Mar 05, 2015 tanzania is set to become the first subsaharan african country to use an african language as the medium of instruction throughout the schooling years. English is widely spoken, and other languages spoken in the country are the native tongues of various ethnic groups. You can now read the ebook in the pane on the left, listen to the audio pane to the right and practice your pronunciation use on the pronunciation tool tab on right all at the same time. In tanzania, foreign investors have complained about the lack of capacity in the labor force, with english language skills being a major area of concern. The national language is tanzania is swahili, so overall the county does not gain from teaching students in a language different from the national language. Every freetoair licensee shall a ensure that only official languages. Kenya, tanzania, and uganda in the context of globalization. The official language in education policy that is currently being followed in tanzania is the one laid down in the education and training policy which, inter alia, states.
The bantu, swahili language and english, the latter of which was inherited from colonial rule see tanganyika territory, are widely spoken as lingua francas. An engagement with literature is, indeed, a continuing process of improving our capacity to use language and refining our sensibility to good language use. Tanzania with regard to languageineducation policy implementation. This report examines obstacles, including some rooted in outmoded government policies, that prevent more than 1.
Its language in education policy for early primary education was enacted in 1976. These countries have a similar history given that they are neighbors and were colonized by the same colonial powerthe british, although the germans colonized tanzania for a short time. The authors of the present article are engaged in a research project funded by the norwegian research council. Primary education in tanzania is compulsory and became free of charge in 1967. View tanzanian foreign policy research papers on academia.
Basic education rights handbook education rights in south. Typically, language policy involves decisions about language use in social contexts, usually concerned with. The language policy of zambia has been strongly shaped by colonialism and its aftermath. Peace corps kiswahili language manual tanzania live lingua. In this project the language policies of tanzania and south africa, as well as the practices of these policies in the classroom are. Tanzania food, drugs and cosmetics control promotion regulations 2010, guidelines for use of nutrition and health claims cacgl 231997 2010 the tanzanian food, drugs and cosmetics iodated salt regulations, 2010. Language policy for education and development in tanzania.
First, six ugandan languages were to be used as mediums of instruction iin the primary schools. Language policy in tanzania language policy had been thoroughly justified, and no one with any intimate knowledge of the tanzanian scene will have any doubt at all about this. According to sa 2007, tanzania differs from some of its neighbors in the sense that. Tanzania implements free education policy for secondary. Roycampbell 2001 argues that germans promoted kiswahili as the language of administration and education in order to maintain the established colonial power dynamics. Mozambican language policy mozambique as many other countries and formal institutions adopted a language policy to regulate the use of languages in public services as well as in social proceedings. This thesis is a qualitative policy study, which aims at finding out whether or not primary education is free and equally accessible to all in tanzania. Language policy in tanzania volume 39 issue 3 lyndon harries. The medium of instruction in preprimary schools shall be kiswahili, and english shall be a compulsory subject p. Problems and challenges article pdf available in international journal of educational development 241. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between tanzanias language policy and the effects on students in secondary school. An international language like french or english, a vestige of colonialism, carries prestige, is used in higher education, and promises mobilityand yet it will not be well known by its users. English, a language other than the national language of swahili, that contributes to the already low rate of children currently achieving secondary education and not continuing their education. The fact that there is a policy on feefree education education and training policy of 2014 for 11 years, national inclusive strategy and gender policy etc.
Pdf the authors of the present article are engaged in a research project funded by the. Tanzania dumps english as its official language in schools. The fact that there is a policy on fee free education education and training policy of 2014 for 11 years, national inclusive strategy and gender policy etc. Section 3 examines what may pass as language policy and planning activity, by looking. Pdf language policies and practices in tanzania and south. Luganda, akarimojongateso, lugbara, luo, runyororutooro and runyankolerukiga. The current sociolinguistic situation in tanzania necessitates the. Kiswahili only became the official language of primary education in 1968 after tanzania s independence, and this led to much linguistic discontinuity between primary and secondary education. The benefit if students do make it through the language obstacle of secondary school is the opportunity to find a good job as they are then bilingual. Implementation of bilingual education in tanzania nordic journal. Aug 16, 2017 tanzania is an east african country and swahili is the nations official language. He is currently a final year doctorate student in the institute of linguistics, university of vienna.
This paper is a policy analysis courselinked capstone focused on controversial language policies in tanzania. Eric ej731443 language policies and practices in tanzania. In kenya, there are clearly discernible patterns of creative writing which may be linked to language. Language in education policy development in tanzania. In this article, i argue that tanzanias language policy in education, formulated in. The country was initially colonized by germany before the british took over after world war i.
The ethnic languages are mainly of bantu and nilotic origin. Pdf language policies and practices in tanzania and. This paper examines language policy in tanzanian schools and its effect on education, equality and economic development. The essays inlanguages in africaexplore the layers of african multilingualism as they affect language policy and education.
Besides establishing if it is in fact free and accessible, the thesis. Tanzania is, like most countries in east africa, extremely culturally and linguistically diverse. In the process of exploring language, we also engage in the study of literature. Policies on free primary and secondary education in east africa. Stakeholders in the national policy forum acknowledged existence of the preconditions for achievement of sdg 4 in tanzania.
Languageineducation policy development in tanzania. In this sense it is a descriptive abstraction, not necessarily an established, recognised norm, which should become clear from u,e following survey. There are many languages spoken in the country, but no one language is spoken natively by a majority or a large plurality of the population. Unless children are enrolled in private primary education which is taught in english, language comes as a barrier to pursuing higher education. National language policy framework final draft south. Jun 27, 2018 free education policy in tanzania pdf free secondary education in tanzania pdf 28 jan 2016 on november 27, 2015 the tanzanian government issued circular 5 which implements the education and training policy 2014 and directs public bodies to ensure that secondary education is free for all children. We made using the peace corps kiswahili language manual tanzania material easier to use and more effective. Tanzania is a member of the east african community eac, along with uganda, kenya, rwanda, and burundi. National language policy framework 2003 diversity and to the challenges of constitutional multilingualism, hence the introduction of this national language policy framework. But in spite of the obvious advantages gained, and bearing in mind that tanzania is an independent.